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2011.03.07

Computer Architecture and Organization

Chapters

1. Computer Abstractions and Technology

2. Instructions: Language of the Computer

3. Arithmetic for Computers

4. The Processor

5. Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy

6. Storage and Other I/O Topics

* Objectives

- 디자인 컨셉, 계산 성과를 높이기 위한 방법

- 디자인 프로세스 (in the context of a complex HW system)

* Descriptions

- CA: 컴퓨터의 각 요소의 동작과 구조

- CO: 각 요소가 어떻게 연결되어 있는지

* 5 classic components of computer:

Control

Datapath                           ___CPU

Input

Output                              ___I/O

Memory                           ___Memory

* 레지스터의 종류

General: 계산 목적 (R0, R1, ...)

Special: - PC (Program Counter): 다음 인스트럭션의 주소

- AC (Accumulator): 계산 결과를 일시적으로 holding

- IR (Instruction register): 메모리에서 가져온 인스트럭션을 holding

* ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) is essentially a programmer's view of processors

- information needed to interact with processor, but not the details of how it is designed and implemented

* Instruction consists of Opcode and Operands

* Different Addressing Modes (따로 정리)

Effective Address - actual address of the location containing the referenced operand.

Implied mode, Immediate mode, Register mode, Register Indirect mode, Direct Address mode, Indirect Address mode...

* Completeness & Orthogonality

- Completeness: 사용자가 프로그램 짤 때 꼭 필요한 인스트럭션 집합을 갖추고 있어야 함.

A computer should have a set of instructions so that the user can construct machine language programs to evaluate any function that is known to be computable

(Arithmetic/Logical, Data Transfer - including I/O, Control Transfer)

- Orthogonality: 중복되는 건 없는 거

Instructions are orthogonal if they do not overlap, or perform same function

* Instruction Format

1) R-type Instruction Format

2) I-type Instruction Format

3) J-type Instruction Format