2011.03.07
Computer Architecture and Organization
Chapters
1. Computer Abstractions and Technology
2. Instructions: Language of the Computer
3. Arithmetic for Computers
4. The Processor
5. Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
6. Storage and Other I/O Topics
* Objectives
- 디자인 컨셉, 계산 성과를 높이기 위한 방법
- 디자인 프로세스 (in the context of a complex HW system)
* Descriptions
- CA: 컴퓨터의 각 요소의 동작과 구조
- CO: 각 요소가 어떻게 연결되어 있는지
Chapter 1. Computer Abstractions and Technology
* 5 classic components of computer:
Control
Datapath ___CPU
Input
Output ___I/O
Memory ___Memory
Chapter 2. Instructions: Language of the Computer
* 레지스터의 종류
General: 계산 목적 (R0, R1, ...)
Special: - PC (Program Counter): 다음 인스트럭션의 주소
- AC (Accumulator): 계산 결과를 일시적으로 holding
- IR (Instruction register): 메모리에서 가져온 인스트럭션을 holding
* ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) is essentially a programmer's view of processors
- information needed to interact with processor, but not the details of how it is designed and implemented
* Instruction consists of Opcode and Operands
* Different Addressing Modes (따로 정리)
Effective Address - actual address of the location containing the referenced operand.
Implied mode, Immediate mode, Register mode, Register Indirect mode, Direct Address mode, Indirect Address mode...
* Completeness & Orthogonality
- Completeness: 사용자가 프로그램 짤 때 꼭 필요한 인스트럭션 집합을 갖추고 있어야 함.
A computer should have a set of instructions so that the user can construct machine language programs to evaluate any function that is known to be computable
(Arithmetic/Logical, Data Transfer - including I/O, Control Transfer)
- Orthogonality: 중복되는 건 없는 거
Instructions are orthogonal if they do not overlap, or perform same function
* Instruction Format
1) R-type Instruction Format
2) I-type Instruction Format
3) J-type Instruction Format
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